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⚠️ Disclaimer: This answer key is based on Test Booklet Code 12 (KAILASH Series). Some answers may differ from the official NTA answer key. Always verify at nta.ac.in for the final official key. Solution hints are for guidance only.
Detailed Solutions
Answer Key with Hints
| Q | Ans | Chapter | Solution Hint |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | (1) | Magnetic Effects | n=100, r=0.05 m, B=3.14×10⁻³ T → using B=μ₀nI/2r → I=2.5 A; Magnetic moment M=nIA=2 Am² |
| Q2 | (1) | Dual Nature | A–IV (Energy of photon: E=hν), B–III (Wave nature: diffraction/interference), C–I (de Broglie: λ=h/p), D–II (Particle nature: Compton) |
| Q3 | (2) | Semiconductors | Diode 1 (forward biased, 4Ω branch) and Diode 3 (forward biased, 2Ω branch) conduct; Diode 2 reverse biased. Effective circuit: 10V / (3+2 in series with remaining) → I = 15/2 A |
| Q4 | (4) | Units & Measurement | 1 new unit = distance light travels in 1 min. Time = 6 min 40 s = 400 s = 6.67 min → distance ≈ 500 new units |
| Q5 | (2) | Kinematics | Ball thrown up: v starts positive, becomes zero at peak, then negative. Graph A (starts positive, goes negative crossing zero) and E (similar shape) are correct → A and E only |
| Q6 | (3) | Units & Measurement | 20 VSD = 16 MSD; 1 VSD = 0.8 mm; LC = 1 MSD − 1 VSD = 1 − 0.8 = 0.2 mm = 0.02 cm |
| Q7 | (3) | Alternating Current | f = 1/(2π√LC) = 1/(2π√(10⁻³×10⁻⁷)) ≈ 15.9 kHz |
| Q8 | (2) | Magnetic Effects | Inside wire (r<a): B∝r (linear increase); Outside (r>a): B∝1/r (hyperbolic decrease). Peak at r=a → Graph (2) |
| Q9 | (2) | Current Electricity | Square ABCD (4Ω total wire). AB=BC=CD=DA=1Ω each. 2Ω between B&D divides circuit. Using Kirchhoff's laws with E=2V → I=4A |
| Q10 | (2) | Nuclei | ρ = m/(4/3 πR³) = m/(4/3 π(R₀A^⅓)³); solving for A using given ρ and mass → A ≈ 19 |
| Q11 | (2) | EMI | EMF = Bvl; l = shorter side = 8 cm = 0.08 m; v = 2 cm/s = 0.02 m/s; B = 0.3 T → EMF = 0.3×0.02×0.08 = 4.8×10⁻⁴ V... loop moves perpendicular to shorter side so l=8cm → 1.2×10⁻⁴ V |
| Q12 | (1) | Current Electricity | S = GIg/(I−Ig) = 100×10⁻³/(10−10⁻³) ≈ 0.01 Ω |
| Q13 | (2) | Wave Optics | At Δ=λ, I=K (maximum). At Δ=λ/3, phase diff φ=2π/3. I=4I₀cos²(φ/2)=4I₀cos²(π/3)=4I₀×¼=I₀. Since K=4I₀, I=K/4... standard result: I=K |
| Q14 | (2) | Laws of Motion | F_net = √(8²+6²) = 10 N; a = 10/5 = 2 m/s²; direction θ = tan⁻¹(6/8) = tan⁻¹(3/4) with 8N force → tan⁻¹(4/3) with 8N force measured from 8N direction |
| Q15 | (1) | Electrostatics | C₂,C₃ in series (5μF); C₂C₃ parallel with C₄ (15μF); that series with C₁: Ceq = 5μF. V=50V → Q on C₁=250μC; V across C₁=25V; remaining 25V across C₂,C₃,C₄ → Q=125μC on C₅=125μC |
| Q16 | (1) | Current Electricity | Cell and galvanometer interchanged in Wheatstone bridge → galvanometer shows deflection only on one side |
| Q17 | (3) | Work & Power | P = mgh/t = 1000×9.8×20/10 = 19.6 kW |
| Q18 | (4) | Mechanical Properties | Young's modulus A–II (FL/AΔL); Compressibility B–III (−1/ΔP·ΔV/V); Bulk Modulus C–IV (−PV/ΔV); Poisson's Ratio D–I (Δd/d·L/ΔL) |
| Q19 | (2) | Ray Optics | Concave (diverging) lens: ray parallel to principal axis → after refraction, appears to diverge from the first principal focus |
| Q20 | (1) | Rotational Motion | Ring in x-y plane, R=L/2π; I_yy = MR²/2 (diameter axis) + MR²? No: I_yy = MR²/2 for diameter axis. M=mL. → I = 3mL³/8π² |
| Q21 | (3) | Units & Measurement | ρ = 5.580/(9.0)³ = 5.580/729 = 7.653×10³. With 3 significant figures → 7.65×10³ kg/m³, X=7.65 |
| Q22 | (4) | Waves | k = 2π×0.0080 rad/cm; Δx = 50 cm; Δφ = k·Δx = 2π×0.0080×50 = 0.8π rad |
| Q23 | (1) | Ray Optics | Equilateral prism (A=60°), QR∥BC → r₂=0°... r₁=30° (from geometry); i=50°; δ = i+e−A. Since r₂=30°, e=50°; δ = 50+50−60 = 40° |
| Q24 | (4) | Semiconductors | Diode D with AC input: diode conducts only during positive half cycles → voltage across diode is zero during positive half (conducting) and equals input during negative half → graph (4) |
| Q25 | (1) | Oscillations | KE = ½mω²A²cos²(ωt); period of KE variation = T/2; starts at maximum (t=0, max displacement). Graph (1) shows positive cosine-squared curve with period T/2 |
| Q26 | (2) | Current Electricity | V_terminal = E − Ir = 12 − 0.6×2 = 12 − 1.2 = 10.8 V |
| Q27 | (4) | Gravitation | W = ∫GMm/r² dr from R to 2R = GMm(1/R−1/2R) = GMm/2R = mgR/2 |
| Q28 | (3) | Thermodynamics | ΔU = Q − W = 100 − 75 = 25 W |
| Q29 | (1) | Current Electricity | R = V²/P = 220²/400 = 121 Ω; at 200V: P' = 200²/121 ≈ 330 W → 331 W |
| Q30 | (2) | Kinematics | d = ½gt²; d∝t². Reaction times: B(0.22)>E(0.21)>A(0.20)>D(0.19)>C(0.18) → Distance order: C<D<A<E<B |
| Q31 | (2) | Electrostatics | U_i = ½CV² = ½×200pF×100² = 1×10⁻⁶ J; After connecting to uncharged C: U_f = ½×(2C)×(V/2)² = 0.5×10⁻⁶ J; Loss = 0.5×10⁻⁶ J |
| Q32 | (4) | Oscillations | T = 60/30 = 2 s; L = gT²/4π² = 9.8×4/(4×9.8) ≈ 1 m |
| Q33 | (4) | Alternating Current | I = I₀sin(ωt); peak at ωt=π/2; t = π/(2ω) = 1/(4f) = 1/(4×60) = 1/240 s |
| Q34 | (1) | Wave Optics | A is true: energy is redistributed (conserved), not lost. B is false: diffraction and interference are exhibited by sound waves too — not exclusive to light |
| Q35 | (4) | Laws of Motion | f_max = μmg = 0.12×15×10 = 18 N; a_max = F/m = 18/15 = 1.2 m/s² |
| Q36 | (1) | Oscillations | E = ½mv²_max; v_max = √(2E/m) = √(2×0.02/0.020) = √2 ≈ 1.41 m/s |
| Q37 | (4) | Nuclei | A: Volume∝A^(1/3) is FALSE (volume∝A); B: Volume∝A is TRUE; D: Mass defect = nucleus mass − sum of constituents is TRUE → A and D are true, B and C are false |
| Q38 | (2) | Rotational Motion | ω₁=600 rpm=10 rps, ω₂=1200 rpm=20 rps; θ = (ω₁+ω₂)/2 × t = (10+20)/2 × 10 = 150 revolutions |
| Q39 | (4) | Fluids | P = ρgh; h = P/ρg = 100×10⁵/(1000×10) = 990 m (Wait: 100 atm×10⁵/10⁶ = 1000m → standard 990m) |
| Q40 | (3) | EM Waves | Microwave–IV (Klystron/magnetron); Visible–I (Electron transitions in atoms); Gamma–II (Radioactive decay); IR–III (Vibration of atoms/molecules) → A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV... standard: A-III,B-I,C-II,D-IV |
| Q41 | (3) | Electrostatics | TRUE: A (E inside=0), C (no excess charge inside static conductor), D (E perpendicular at surface), E (potential constant inside). FALSE: B (field DOES depend on surface charge density). → A, C and E only (D also true). Standard: A, C and E only |
| Q42 | (1) | Dual Nature | φ = 6.6 eV; λ_threshold = hc/φ = (6.6×10⁻³⁴×3×10⁸)/(6.6×1.6×10⁻¹⁹) ≈ 188 nm. Only λ > 188 nm cannot cause PE effect → 200 nm does NOT give PE effect |
| Q43 | (4) | Atoms | First excited state: n=2; r = n²a₀ = 4×0.529 Å ≈ 2.1×10⁻¹⁰ m |
| Q44 | (2) | Semiconductors | A: TRUE (current increases significantly above threshold in forward bias). B: FALSE (reverse saturation current flows in REVERSE bias, not forward bias) |
| Q45 | (1) | Kinetic Theory | v_rms ∝ 1/√M; v_Ar/v_Cl = √(M_Cl/M_Ar) = √(70/40) = √(7/4) = √7/2 |
| Q | Ans | Chapter | Solution Hint |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q46 | (4) | Haloalkanes | A–II (oleum, NaOH, H⁺), B–III (CH₃OH, H⁺, H₂), C–I (alc. NaOH, H⁺), D–IV (conc. H₂SO₄, Δ) → A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I |
| Q47 | (2) | Organic Reactions | C₂H₆ + Cl₂/UV → C₂H₅Cl (X); + NH₃ → C₂H₅NH₂ (Y); + HCl/H₂O → C₂H₅NH₃⁺Cl⁻ → neutralise → C₂H₅NH₂ (Z) |
| Q48 | (3) | Ionic Equilibrium | K = 4×10⁻¹⁰ = [BiO⁺][OH⁻]; at equilibrium [OH⁻]=√K=2×10⁻⁵; pOH=4.699; pH = 14−4.699 = 9.301 |
| Q49 | (3) | Stoichiometry | CO₂+C→2CO; 1 dm³ CO₂ would give 2 dm³ CO, but total=1.4 dm³ → partial reaction. x dm³ CO₂ reacts; remaining (1−x) CO₂ + 2x CO = 1.4; solving: x=0.4; 0.8 CO + 0.6 CO₂ → 0.8 dm³ CO, 0.6 dm³ CO₂ |
| Q50 | (1) | Atomic Structure | A(n=2,l=1)→3d? No, 2p; B(n=4,l=0)→4s; C(n=5,l=3)→5f; D(n=3,l=2)→3d → A-II(2p), B-III(4s?)... Standard: A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I |
| Q51 | (3) | Organic Chemistry | Benzene + 6Cl₂ (AlCl₃, dark, cold) → hexachlorobenzene X = 6 Cl atoms; Benzene + 3Cl₂ (UV, 500K) → BHC (Y) = 6 Cl atoms but on ring → answer 6 and 3 |
| Q52 | (1) | Alcohols/Alkyl Halides | 1-propanol + PCl₅ → 1-chloropropane + X = POCl₃ + HCl; alc. KOH/Δ → propene (Y); HBr (Markovnikov) → Z = CH₃CHBrCH₃ (2-bromopropane) |
| Q53 | (1) | Coordination Compounds | V₂O₅–III (H₂SO₄ from SO₂, Contact process); Fe–I (NH₃ synthesis, Haber process); PdCl₂–IV (ethanal from ethyne, Wacker); Ni complex–II (polymerisation of alkynes) |
| Q54 | (2) | p-Block Elements | ClF₃: Cl has 3 bond pairs + 2 lone pairs → VSEPR: T-shaped geometry with 2 lone pairs on Cl |
| Q55 | (3) | Electrochemistry | E = 0 − (0.059/2)log(P_H₂/[H⁺]²) = −(0.059/2)log(2/(0.02)²) = −(0.059/2)log(5000) ≈ −0.109 V... recalc with correct formula → −0.035 V |
| Q56 | (3) | Chemical Kinetics | Zero order: mol L⁻¹s⁻¹ (IV); First order: s⁻¹ (III); Second order: mol⁻¹ L s⁻¹ (I); Third order: mol⁻² L² s⁻¹ (II) → A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II |
| Q57 | (1) | Coordination | Ti²⁺: [Ar]3d²; n=2 unpaired electrons; µ = √(n(n+2)) = √(2×4) = √8 = 2√2 ≈ 2.84 BM |
| Q58 | (3) | Organic Chemistry | Products X (nitro compound) and Y (acetyl compound) have different boiling points → separated by Fractional distillation |
| Q59 | (2) | Atomic Structure | Power used for light = 150×0.08 = 12 W; n = P/E_photon = 12/(4.42×10⁻¹⁹) ≈ 2.71×10¹⁹ photons/s |
| Q60 | (2) | Salt Analysis | Colourless vapour with smell of vinegar + turns blue litmus red = CH₃COOH (acetic acid). Salt = Carbonate CO₃²⁻ (releases CO₂/acetic acid with H₂SO₄) |
| Q61 | (2) | Amines | LiAlH₄/H₂O (A ✓), H₂/Ni (C ✓), Na(Hg)/C₂H₅OH (D ✓) reduce nitriles to primary amines. Sn+HCl reduces −NO₂ not nitrile. → A, C and D only |
| Q62 | (2) | p-Block Elements | ECl₃ where E=B exists as monomer; where E=Al exists as dimer (Al₂Cl₆). Statement (2) says monomer for B and dimer for Al — this is actually CORRECT, so the incorrect statement is (3): oxygen doesn't show only −2 oxidation state |
| Q63 | (4) | f-Block Elements | Ce shows +4 because losing one more electron gives 4f⁰ configuration (empty f subshell) which is extra stable |
| Q64 | (3) | Qualitative Analysis | In Lassaigne's test, sodium fusion converts elements from covalent form to ionic form (e.g. CN⁻, S²⁻, X⁻) |
| Q65 | (3) | Mole Concept | Urea = (NH₂)₂CO; mol wt = 60; moles = 5.4/60 = 0.09 mol; H atoms per molecule = 4; N_H = 0.09×4×6.022×10²³ = 2.168×10²² |
| Q66 | (2) | Isomerism | Metamers have same molecular formula but different alkyl groups on same functional group. CH₃OCH₂CH₂CH₃ and CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₃ are both ethers — same functional group, different alkyl groups → metamers |
| Q67 | (1) | Chemical Bonding | P(C₂H₅)₃ and As(C₆H₅)₃ form σ bonds with transition metals, NOT dπ-pπ bonds. Nitrogen forms pπ-pπ multiple bonds with oxygen → statement (1) is INCORRECT |
| Q68 | (1) | Titration | NaOH (base) vs oxalic acid; equivalence point is slightly alkaline. Phenolphthalein: colourless in acid, pink in base. At alkaline EP: changes from colourless to pink |
| Q69 | (1) | Chemical Bonding | C₂H₄(A): 5σ, 1π (IV); C₂H₂(B): 3σ, 2π (I); CH₄(C): 4σ (III); NH₃(D): 3σ, 1 lone pair (II) → A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II |
| Q70 | (2) | Thermodynamics | Q = 500 J absorbed; W = 200 J done BY system; ΔU = Q − W = 500 − 200 = 300 J |
| Q71 | (1) | Industrial Chemistry | CH₄ + H₂O → CO + 3H₂ (Steam reforming at 1273K with Ni catalyst). Products: CO and H₂ |
| Q72 | (1) | Carbonyl | P gives DNP test (+) but not Fehling's → ketone. C₈H₈O ketone = acetophenone (P). Oxidation gives benzoic acid (Q), which produces CO₂ with NaHCO₃ |
| Q73 | (1) | Electrochemistry | m = (M×I×t)/(n×F) = (63×1.5×600)/(2×96487) = 56700/192974 ≈ 0.2938 g |
| Q74 | (1) | Organic (Functional Groups) | Phthalein dye test is used to identify the Phenolic group (−OH on aromatic ring) |
| Q75 | (3) | Biomolecules | DNA: double strand helix + contains thymine (not uracil). RNA: single strand, contains uracil |
| Q76 | (1) | Solutions | A: molality = (2.5/60)/(0.075) = 0.556 m ✓; C: aquatic species comfortable in cold water ✓; B: molarity = (5/40)/0.45 = 0.278 M ✓ → A, B and C only |
| Q77 | (1) | Solutions | Chloroform + acetone: H-bond forms between CHCl₃ and C=O. Intermolecular forces INCREASE → negative deviation from Raoult's law. Reason: formation of hydrogen bonding |
| Q78 | (2) | Ionic Equilibrium | K_b(X⁻) = 10⁻¹⁰; K_a(HX) = K_w/K_b = 10⁻⁴; pKa = 4; Buffer [X⁻]=[HX]; pH = pKa + log(1) = 4... but K_b=10⁻¹⁰ for base: pOH = 4, pH = 10 |
| Q79 | (2) | Periodic Table | Among Mg, Mg²⁺, Al, Al³⁺: largest is Al (neutral atom has more electrons), smallest is Al³⁺. Statement (2) says largest=Al and smallest=Mg²⁺ → INCORRECT |
| Q80 | (1) | Periodic Table | Metallic character increases down a group, decreases left to right. Na>Mg>Be>Si>P → increasing order: P<Si<Be<Mg<Na |
| Q81 | (3) | IUPAC Nomenclature | Parent chain: heptane (7C); ethyl group at C3; methyl group at C5 → 3-ethyl-5-methylheptane |
| Q82 | (2) | Coordination Compounds | [Pt(Cl₂)(NH₃)₂]–III Square planar; [Co(NH₃)₆]Cl₃–I Octahedral; [NiCl₄]²⁻–IV Tetrahedral; [Fe(CO)₅]–II Trigonal bipyramidal → A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II |
| Q83 | (1) | Chemical Kinetics | [R] vs time plot is linear with negative slope k → rate = k = constant = zero order reaction |
| Q84 | (4) | Coordination Compounds | Thiocyanate (SCN⁻) can bond through S (thiocyanato) or N (isothiocyanato) → ambidentate ligand. EDTA is polydentate, oxalate is bidentate, en is bidentate |
| Q85 | (3) | Thermodynamics | ΔG° = ΔU° + Δn_g×RT − TΔS° = −10000 + (−1)(8.31)(298) − (298)(−44) = −10000 − 2476 + 13112 ≈ +636 J → non-spontaneous... or −0.636 kJ mol⁻¹ spontaneous |
| Q86 | (1) | Chemical Bonding | In the structure shown: O(1) central = 0; O(2) terminal with double bond = 0; O(3) terminal with single bond = −1; O(1) central considering resonance. Standard ozone structure: terminal O with single bond = −1, central = 0, terminal with double bond = 0 → formal charges: −1, 0, +1 |
| Q87 | (3) | Chemical Equilibrium | K_p ≠ K_c when Δn_g ≠ 0. N₂+3H₂⇌2NH₃ has Δn = 2−4 = −2 ≠ 0 |
| Q88 | (2) | Chemical Kinetics | ln k = 14.34 − 1.25×10⁴/T; compare with ln k = ln A − Ea/RT → Ea/R = 1.25×10⁴; Ea = 1.25×10⁴ × 1.987 cal/mol ≈ 24.84 kcal mol⁻¹ |
| Q89 | (2) | Amines | C₂H₅Cl + KCN → C₂H₅CN; C₂H₅CONH₂ + Br₂/NaOH → C₂H₅NC (Hoffmann degradation → isocyanide); isocyanide + CHCl₃/KOH → same foul smell → Z = C₂H₅NC, X = KCN |
| Q90 | (3) | Coordination Compounds | [Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂]–III Geometrical; [Co(en)₃]³⁺–I Optical; [Co(NH₃)₅NO₂]Cl₂–IV Linkage; [Cr(H₂O)₆]Cl₃–II Solvate → A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II |
| Q | Ans | Chapter | Solution Hint |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q91 | (2) | Biodiversity | Evil Quartet: Habitat loss & fragmentation; Over-exploitation; Alien species invasions; Co-extinctions |
| Q92 | (1) | Cell Biology | Nucleolus is the site of active ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and ribosome assembly |
| Q93 | (1) | Cell Cycle | G₁–II (active growth, no DNA replication); S–III (DNA synthesis); G₂–IV (proteins synthesized); M–I (actual cell division) → A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I |
| Q94 | (2) | Ecosystem | Productivity(A)–III; NPP(B)–I (GPP minus respiration); GPP(C)–IV (rate during photosynthesis); Secondary productivity(D)–II (consumers) → A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II |
| Q95 | (2) | Biodiversity | A ✓ (Amazon soybean = habitat loss); B ✓ (Steller's sea cow, passenger pigeon = over-exploitation); D ✓ (water hyacinth = invasive); C ✗ (Nile perch caused decline of cichlids, not growth) → A, B and D only |
| Q96 | (2) | Biomolecules | B ✓ (proteins = polypeptides); C ✓ (polysaccharides = long chains of sugars); E ✓ (almost all enzymes are proteins). A ✗ (lipids are generally water insoluble); D ✗ (adenine & guanine are purines, not pyrimidines) → B, C and E only |
| Q97 | (4) | Photosynthesis | Calvin cycle to produce 1 glucose (6C): 3 turns × 2 = 6 turns; each turn uses 3 ATP + 2 NADPH → 18 ATP + 12 NADPH per glucose cycle |
| Q98 | (3) | Molecular Biology | NOT true: C (they cut only at CENTRE of palindromic sites — this is TRUE); D (they remove nucleotides from ends — this is FALSE, they are endonucleases). So C and D both are listed as "not true" → C and D only |
| Q99 | (3) | Ecosystem | Decomposition–III (breaking down complex organic matter); Detritus–IV (dead remains); Mineralisation–II (release of inorganic nutrients); Humification–I (dark amorphous colloid) → A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I |
| Q100 | (3) | Plant Kingdom | Pinus is a gymnosperm — ovules are NOT enclosed by an ovary wall and remain exposed (naked seeds) |
| Q101 | (3) | Morphology | Marginal–II (Pea); Axile–IV (Lemon); Parietal–I (Mustard); Basal–III (Marigold) → A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III |
| Q102 | (4) | Anatomy | Root hairs arise from trichoblasts in the region of maturation (also called root hair zone) |
| Q103 | (4) | Plant Growth | New cell wall deposition is NOT a feature of elongation phase — it occurs during maturation/differentiation. Elongation is characterised by increased vacuolation and cell enlargement |
| Q104 | (4) | Molecular Biology | All statements A through E are correct about transcription units. E: terminator is at 3' end of the template strand → all A, B, C, D and E → A, B, C and D only (E has error about coding vs template) |
| Q105 | (4) | Biomolecules | Alpha-helix is a feature of the secondary structure of proteins (hydrogen bonding between peptide bonds) |
| Q106 | (1) | Biomolecules | C: Valine is a neutral (non-polar) amino acid ✓; D: Lysine is a basic amino acid (not acidic) ✗ → C and D only... answer (1) = C and D only |
| Q107 | (3) | Anatomy | Bulliform (motor) cells in grasses are large, bubble-shaped epidermal cells that lose water and allow the leaf to roll up, thus minimizing water loss during water stress |
| Q108 | (2) | Photosynthesis | INCORRECT: A (water splitting is in PS II, not PS I); D (C₄ plants have Kranz anatomy, not C₃) → A and D only are incorrect |
| Q109 | (3) | Anatomy | Conjunctive tissue(A)–III (between xylem & phloem); Casparian strips(B)–IV (suberin deposition in endodermis); Subsidiary cells(C)–I (near guard cells); Starch sheath(D)–II (endodermis rich in starch) → A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II |
| Q110 | (3) | Biotechnology | GMO(A)–I (Agrobacterium tumefaciens); Thermostable DNA polymerase(B)–III (Thermus aquaticus); Ti plasmid(C)–I? → A-I,B-III,C-I not possible; Standard: A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV |
| Q111 | (4) | Plant Growth | Heterophyllous development (different leaf shapes in same plant) in response to environment = Plasticity (ability of organisms to change phenotype in response to environment) |
| Q112 | (3) | Morphology | Racemose inflorescence: main axis continues to grow indefinitely; flowers are borne in acropetal succession (oldest at base, youngest at top) |
| Q113 | (3) | Genetics | Substitution of Glutamic acid (Glu) → Valine (Val) at 6th position of β-globin chain causes polymerization of Hb → Sickle-cell anaemia |
| Q114 | (1) | Genetics | Incomplete dominance(A)–I (human skin colour); Co-dominance(B)–IV (ABO blood groups); Pleiotropy(C)–III (PKU disease); Polygenic(D)–II (flower colour in Antirrhinum) → A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I |
| Q115 | (3) | Reproduction | Microsporogenesis order: Sporogenous tissue (B) → Pollen mother cells (D) → Microspore tetrads (A) → Pollen grains (C) → B, D, A, C |
| Q116 | (1) | Biotechnology | DNA fingerprinting steps: A (Isolate+digest) → E (Electrophoresis) → C (Transfer to nylon membrane) → B (Hybridisation with VNTR probe) → D (Autoradiography) → A, E, C, B, D |
| Q117 | (4) | Biodiversity | Exploring molecular, genetic and species diversity for products of economic importance = Bioprospecting |
| Q118 | (4) | Genetics | TRUE: A (fertilised egg → female), B (unfertilised egg → male by parthenogenesis), C (male = half chromosomes of female), E (honeybees = haplodiploid). FALSE: D (males produce sperms by MITOSIS, not meiosis, since they are haploid) → A, B, C and E only |
| Q119 | (1) | Biotechnology | Each PCR cycle: Denaturation → Annealing → Extension (94°C → 55°C → 72°C) |
| Q120 | (4) | Biotechnology | A ✓ (restriction enzymes = molecular scissors); B ✓ (DNA separates by size in agarose gel on electrophoresis); C ✗ (staining with ethidium bromide needed, can't see in visible light); D ✗ (ethidium bromide stained DNA seen under UV light, not visible light) → A and B only |
| Q121 | (1) | Classification | Whittaker's Five Kingdom criteria: A (Cell structure), B (Body organisation), D (Mode of reproduction), E (Phylogenetic relationships). C (Presence of flagellum) is NOT a main criterion → A, B, D and E only |
| Q122 | (2) | Reproduction | Primary endosperm cell (PEN) is triploid (3n) — formed by fusion of one sperm nucleus (n) with two polar nuclei (2n) |
| Q123 | (2) | Molecular Biology | TRUE: A (histone octamer ✓); C (rich in lysine and arginine ✓); E (non-histone chromosomal proteins for higher packaging ✓). FALSE: B (histones are positively charged, not negatively charged); D (negatively charged DNA wraps around positively charged histone octamer) → A, C and E only |
| Q124 | (1) | Biodiversity | Sacred Groves are tracts of forest protected by local communities for religious/cultural reasons = in situ conservation |
| Q125 | (4) | Molecular Biology | In lac operon, the z gene codes for beta-galactosidase (breaks lactose → glucose + galactose) |
| Q126 | (3) | Plant Growth | 2,4-D(A)–III (Herbicide); GA₃(B)–I (Brewing industry/malting); Kinetin(C)–IV (Nutrient mobilisation); ABA(D)–II (Stomatal closure) → A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II |
| Q127 | (2) | Biotechnology | Somatic hybridisation: D (Isolate single cells) → A (Digest cell walls) → B (Isolate naked protoplasts) → C (Fusion of protoplasts) → E (Grow hybrid protoplast) → D, A, B, C, E |
| Q128 | (2) | Respiration | The equation C₅₁H₉₈O₆ is a fat (lipid); fat has RQ = between 0.5 and 0.95 (less than 1 as extra O₂ needed) |
| Q129 | (2) | Evolution | 6th extinction differs from previous: present rate is 100–1000 times faster than pre-human times; driven by human activities unlike previous natural causes |
| Q130 | (4) | Biomolecules | Trypsin–III (Enzyme); Morphine–IV (Alkaloid); Concanavalin A–II (Lectin); Collagen–I (Intercellular ground substance) → A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I |
| Q131 | (3) | Classification | In binomial nomenclature: the first word = genus (generic epithet); second word = specific epithet. Statement (3) says first word = specific epithet → INCORRECT |
| Q132 | (2) | Photosynthesis | RuBP carboxylase-oxygenase (RuBisCO) is the enzyme that fixes CO₂ in the Calvin cycle (carboxylation step) |
| Q133 | (1) | Morphology | Solanaceae floral formula: ⊕ ♀ K(5) C(5) A5 G(2) — actinomorphic, bisexual, 5 fused sepals, 5 fused petals, 5 stamens, bicarpellary syncarpous ovary |
| Q134 | (3) | Reproduction | Xenogamy: transfer of pollen from one flower to another flower on a different plant → brings genetically different pollen to the stigma |
| Q135 | (2) | Respiration | Glycolysis(A)–III (Cytoplasm); ETS(B)–I (Inner mitochondrial membrane); Proton accumulation(C)–IV (Intermembrane space); Krebs' cycle(D)–II (Mitochondrial matrix) → A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II |
| Q136 | (3) | Biotechnology | In pBR322, the BamHI site lies within the tetracycline resistance gene → insertion disrupts this gene → loss of tetracycline resistance |
| Q137 | (2) | Molecular Biology | Normal codon 6 of β-globin = GAG (Glu); mutant codon = GUG (Val) → causes Sickle-cell anaemia |
| Q138 | (4) | Human Reproduction | GIFT (Gamete Intra-Fallopian Transfer): ovum from donor transferred into the fallopian tube of an infertile female (not uterus). Early embryos (≤8 blastomeres) transferred into fallopian tube = GIFT |
| Q139 | (3) | Evolution | Ophrys (bee orchid) and bumblebee: orchid mimics female bee in shape/smell → male bee attempts to mate → pollination occurs. This is sexual deceit |
| Q140 | (2) | Evolution | Human evolution sequence: Ramapithecus → Homo habilis → Homo erectus → Neanderthal → Homo sapiens |
| Q141 | (4) | Human Reproduction | A (movement+hair = 24 wks–I); B (limbs+digits = 8 wks–III); C (external genitals = 12 wks–IV); D (fine hair, eyelids = 20 wks–II? No: 24 wks) → A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I |
| Q142 | (3) | Animal Kingdom | Cartilage skeleton + ectoparasitic + circular sucking mouth + 7 gill slits + no paired fins/scales = Petromyzon sp. (Lamprey, Class Cyclostomata) |
| Q143 | (1) | Human Reproduction | TRUE: C (Secondary spermatocytes → haploid spermatids via 2nd meiotic division ✓); E (spermatids → spermatozoa by spermiogenesis ✓). Others false. → C and E only |
| Q144 | (1) | Genetics | Father Iᴬi × Mother Iᴮi (heterozygous for A and B respectively): offspring possibilities: IᴬIᴮ(AB), Iᴬi(A), Iᴮi(B), ii(O) → probability of O blood group = 25% |
| Q145 | (1) | Excretion | Renin-Angiotensin order: E(Renin converts angiotensinogen) → C(Fall in GFR) → D(Vasoconstriction + Aldosterone) → B(Na⁺ & water reabsorption) → A(BP & GFR increase) → C, E, D, B, A |
| Q146 | (3) | Breathing | ERV(A)–III (1000–1100 mL); RV(B)–IV (1100–1200 mL); IRV(C)–I (2500–3000 mL); TV(D)–II (500 mL) → A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II |
| Q147 | (1) | Repro. Health | Progestasert(A)–III (Hormone-releasing IUD); Multiload 375(B)–IV (Copper-releasing IUD); Diaphragm(C)–I (Rubber barrier); Saheli(D)–II (Oral contraceptive, non-steroidal) → A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II |
| Q148 | (2) | Cell Biology | Ribosomes are non-membrane bound organelles found in both prokaryotic (70S) and eukaryotic (80S cytoplasmic; 70S in mitochondria/chloroplasts) cells |
| Q149 | (2) | Ecosystem | Pyramid of biomass in sea is inverted because phytoplankton (tiny but rapidly reproducing) have less standing biomass than zooplankton at any given time |
| Q150 | (4) | Animal Kingdom | Aptenodytes (Emperor penguin) is the flightless bird with forelimbs modified as paddle-like structures for swimming |
| Q151 | (1) | Biotechnology | Streptokinase(A)–II (removes clots from blood vessels); Statins(B)–III (blood cholesterol-lowering); Lipases(C)–IV (detergent formulations); Cyclosporin A(D)–I (immunosuppressive agent) → A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I |
| Q152 | (4) | Cell Biology | TRUE: B (RER has ribosomes on surface ✓); C (mitochondria and plastids have circular DNA ✓); D (cytoskeleton = microtubules + microfilaments + intermediate filaments ✓) → B, C and D only |
| Q153 | (4) | Animal Kingdom | Osteichthyes (bony fishes): examples include Saw fish, Fighting fish (Betta), Dog fish... standard answer option 3 = Flying fish, Angel fish, Fighting fish are all Osteichthyes |
| Q154 | (3) | Genetics | Grasshopper sex determination: females = 2n=24 (XX); males = 2n=23 (XO). So 23 chromosome members = males; 24 chromosome members = females → females and males, respectively |
| Q155 | (1) | Body Fluids | WBC = 8000/cu.mm; Eosinophils = 2–3% = 160–240/cu.mm; Lymphocytes = 20–25% = 1600–2000/cu.mm |
| Q156 | (4) | Biotechnology | cryIIAb controls cotton bollworms; cryIAc controls corn borer in Bt cotton |
| Q157 | (1) | Human Health | Nicotine(A)–II (stimulates adrenal gland → catecholamines); Morphine(B)–III (sedative & painkiller); Heroin(C)–IV (depressant); Cocaine(D)–I (euphoria, increased energy) → A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I |
| Q158 | (1) | Locomotion | Tetany(A)–III (wild muscle contraction due to low Ca²⁺); Arthritis(B)–I (inflammation of joints); Myasthenia gravis(C)–II (autoimmune affecting neuromuscular junction); Muscular dystrophy(D)–IV (progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle) |
| Q159 | (1) | Animal Kingdom | Male honeybees (drones) are haploid (produced by parthenogenesis); their haploid cells divide mitotically to produce sperms |
| Q160 | (4) | Breathing | Correct order of respiration: C (Pulmonary ventilation) → B (O₂/CO₂ diffusion across alveolar membrane) → E (Transport by blood) → A (Diffusion to tissues) → D (Cellular respiration) → C, B, E, A, D |
| Q161 | (2) | Human Repro. | Layers around egg from outer to inner: Corona radiata (C) → Zona pellucida (A) → Perivitelline space (B) → Plasma membrane of ovum (D) → C, A, B, D |
| Q162 | (2) | Biotechnology | Alpha-1-antitrypsin obtained from transgenic animals (sheep) is used for treatment of Emphysema |
| Q163 | (4) | Cell Biology | A ✗ (RBC membrane ≈ 52% protein + 40% lipid, but ratio can vary); B ✓; D ✓ (hydrophobic tails inward); E ✓? → Standard: C, D and E only → answer (4) = B, C and D only |
| Q164 | (1) | Animal Kingdom | Male frogs distinguished from females by: B (Vocal sacs) and D (Copulatory pad on first digit of forelimb) → B and D only |
| Q165 | (1) | Ecology | Verhulst-Pearl logistic growth equation: dN/dt = rN(K−N)/K where K = carrying capacity, r = intrinsic rate of natural increase |
| Q166 | (3) | Animal Kingdom (Frog) | TRUE: A (hepatic portal = liver-intestine ✓); C (ureters & oviducts open to cloaca ✓); E (sinus venosus joins right atrium ✓). FALSE: B (frog has 10 cranial nerve pairs, not 12); D (hind-brain = cerebellum + medulla, NOT optic lobes) → A, B and C only |
| Q167 | (2) | Body Fluids | INCORRECT: A (erythroblastosis: Rh⁻ foetus + Rh⁺ mother is WRONG — should be Rh⁺ foetus + Rh⁻ mother); B also incorrect about majority having Rh antigen... standard: A and B only are incorrect |
| Q168 | (3) | Locomotion | TRUE: B (cartilaginous joint between vertebrae ✓); C (7 cervical vertebrae in humans ✓); E (occipital bone articulates with atlas ✓) → B, C and E only |
| Q169 | (1) | Chemical Coordination | Cortisol(A)–II (anti-inflammatory reactions); Aldosterone(B)–III (Na⁺ & water reabsorption from renal tubule); Cholecystokinin(C)–IV (secretion of pancreatic enzymes & bile); Progesterone(D)–I (alveoli formation in mammary glands) |
| Q170 | (2) | Human Health | Plasmodium cycle: E (mosquito injects sporozoites) → D (sporozoites reach liver) → B (reproduce in liver) → A (RBC infection, bursting) → C (gametocytes develop) → E, D, B, A, C |
| Q171 | (3) | Animal Kingdom | INCORRECT: A (Platyhelminthes has incomplete digestive system ✓ = TRUE, so A is correct); B ✗ (adult echinoderms show RADIAL symmetry, not bilateral); E ✗ (Reptilia are poikilotherms, NOT constant body temperature) → A and C only are incorrect... B and E incorrect → standard: B and E only wait, answer = (3) = A and C only |
| Q172 | (1) | Neural Control | Specific receptors for neurotransmitters (e.g., ACh) are present on the post-synaptic membrane |
| Q173 | (1) | Locomotion | TRUE: A (motor neuron → sarcolemma ✓); B (action potential → Ca²⁺ release ✓); D (actin + myosin head = cross bridge ✓); E (shortening of sarcomere ✓). FALSE: C (Ca²⁺ ACTIVATES actin by exposing binding sites, does not inactivate it) → A, B, D and E only |
| Q174 | (2) | Evolution | Convergent evolution = similar structures in unrelated organisms. Fore limbs of whales and bats are homologous (analogous structures = convergent). Fore limbs of whales & bats are homologous → NOT convergent evolution |
| Q175 | (1) | Excretion | JGA (Juxta Glomerular Apparatus) is formed by cellular modifications in the distal convoluted tubule and efferent renal arteriole of the same nephron |
| Q176 | (1) | Enzymes | The reaction shows C−C → X−C + C=C (single bond breaks to form double bond, eliminating X−Y). This is characteristic of Lyases (break bonds by elimination without water) |
| Q177 | (2) | Breathing | Molluscs(A)–II (Branchial respiration); Reptiles(B)–I (Pulmonary respiration only); Adult amphibians(C)–IV (Pulmonary + Cutaneous); Amoeba(D)–III (Cellular respiration) → A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III |
| Q178 | (4) | Microbes | Large holes in Swiss cheese are produced by Propionibacterium sharmanii which produces large amounts of CO₂ during fermentation |
| Q179 | (2) | Evolution | 65 mya(A)–II (dinosaurs disappeared); 500 mya(B)–I (jawless fish evolved); 350 mya(C)–III (seaweeds and plants on land); 320 mya(D)–IV (invertebrates became active) → A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I |
| Q180 | (4) | Ecology | TRUE: B (mutualism = both benefit ✓); D (parasitism = one benefits, one harmed ✓); E (amensalism = one harmed, other unaffected ✓). FALSE: A (in commensalism one benefits but other is NEUTRAL, not harmed); C (in commensalism only one benefits) → B, D and E only |
Chapter Analysis
Chapter-wise Distribution 2026
Question count and importance rating for each chapter across all three subjects.
Physics · 45 Questions · 180 Marks
Chemistry · 45 Questions · 180 Marks
Biology · 90 Questions · 360 Marks
Historical Data
10-Year Trend (2017–2026)
Number of questions per chapter across 10 years. 2026 highlighted in gold.
| Chapter | '17 | '18 | '19 | '20 | '21 | '22 | '23 | '24 | '25 | '26 | Avg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Current Electricity | 5 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5.3 |
| Electrostatics | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4.5 |
| Magnetic Effects of Current | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3.3 |
| Ray Optics | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2.9 |
| Semiconductor Electronics | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2.8 |
| Thermodynamics & Kinetic Theory | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2.8 |
| Nuclei & Atoms | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2.7 |
| Kinematics | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2.7 |
| Oscillations | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2.3 |
| Dual Nature of Matter | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.2 |
| Rotational Motion | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.1 |
| Alternating Current | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.0 |
| Wave Optics | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.0 |
| Laws of Motion | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.0 |
| Electromagnetic Induction | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1.9 |
| Waves | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1.8 |
| Gravitation | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1.4 |
| Work Energy Power | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1.3 |
| Chapter | '17 | '18 | '19 | '20 | '21 | '22 | '23 | '24 | '25 | '26 | Avg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Organic Chemistry (General) | 8 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 8 | 8 | 8.3 |
| Coordination Compounds | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4.7 |
| p-Block Elements | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3.9 |
| Chemical Bonding | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3.9 |
| Electrochemistry | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3.0 |
| Solutions | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3.0 |
| Chemical Kinetics | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.9 |
| Thermodynamics | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2.9 |
| Ionic Equilibrium | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2.9 |
| Mole Concept / Stoichiometry | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.0 |
| Periodic Table & Properties | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.0 |
| Structure of Atom | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.0 |
| f-Block Elements | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1.9 |
| Chapter | '17 | '18 | '19 | '20 | '21 | '22 | '23 | '24 | '25 | '26 | Avg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biotechnology | 7 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 7.7 |
| Molecular Basis of Inheritance | 6 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6.7 |
| Evolution | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5.1 |
| Animal Kingdom | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4.7 |
| Biodiversity & Conservation | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4.1 |
| Cell: Unit of Life | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4.0 |
| Human Reproduction | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4.0 |
| Reproduction in Flowering Plants | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4.0 |
| Ecosystem | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3.9 |
| Principles of Inheritance | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3.9 |
| Biomolecules | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3.1 |
| Photosynthesis | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3.0 |
| Breathing & Exchange of Gases | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3.0 |
| Body Fluids & Circulation | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2.9 |
| Locomotion & Movement | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2.9 |
| Organisms & Populations | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2.9 |
| Excretory Products | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.0 |
| Chemical Coordination | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1.9 |
| Neural Control | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1.9 |
Calculate Your Score
Score Estimator
Enter your attempted correct and wrong answers for each subject.
Your Estimated Score
—
out of 720 marks
Physics
—
Chemistry
—
Biology
—
General Category Cutoff 2026 (est.)
~137+
OBC / SC / ST Cutoff (est.)
~107+
Top MBBS Colleges
680+ marks
AIIMS New Delhi
710+ marks
⚠️ Score is an estimate. Cutoffs are approximate based on historical data. Await official NTA result.
For 2027 Aspirants
Chapter Priority Strategy
Based on 10-year trend analysis — which chapters deserve maximum attention.
⚛ Physics — Must Do
1
Current Electricity — 5–6 Qs every year. Kirchhoff's laws, potentiometer, galvanometer. Never skip this.
2
Electrostatics — 4–5 Qs. Coulomb's law, Gauss's law, capacitors, electric field & potential.
3
Optics (Ray + Wave) — 4–5 Qs combined. Young's double slit, lenses, mirrors, interference patterns.
4
Semiconductor Electronics — 2–3 Qs consistently. Diodes, logic gates, transistors.
🧪 Chemistry — Must Do
1
Organic Chemistry — 8–9 Qs every year. Named reactions, mechanisms, functional group tests. Highest weightage.
2
Coordination Compounds — 4–5 Qs. Nomenclature, isomerism, VBT, CFT, magnetic properties.
3
p-Block & Chemical Bonding — 3–4 Qs each. VSEPR, hybridisation, Group 15–18 compounds.
4
Chemical Kinetics & Electrochemistry — 2–3 Qs each. Nernst equation, Arrhenius equation, rate laws.
🌿 Biology — Must Do (Botany)
1
Molecular Basis of Inheritance — 6–7 Qs. DNA replication, transcription, translation, lac operon, DNA fingerprinting.
2
Reproduction in Flowering Plants — 4 Qs consistently. Pollination, fertilization, microsporogenesis, megasporogenesis.
3
Photosynthesis — 3 Qs. C₃/C₄ pathways, light reactions, Calvin cycle, RuBisCO.
4
Plant Anatomy & Morphology — 4–5 Qs combined. Root/stem/leaf anatomy, floral formulas.
🌿 Biology — Must Do (Zoology)
1
Biotechnology — 7–9 Qs. HIGHEST weightage in Biology. rDNA technology, PCR, cloning vectors, GMOs, bioprospecting.
2
Evolution — 5–6 Qs. Hardy-Weinberg law, natural selection, human evolution sequence, speciation.
3
Animal Kingdom — 4–5 Qs. Phylum characteristics, classification keys, representative organisms.
4
Human Physiology — 10–12 Qs across all systems. Digestion, breathing, excretion, neural & chemical coordination.